Chapter 9	Confidential Knowledge of the Ultimate Truth	Verse 16

Sanskrit Vocals

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Rudra Vaisnava Sampradaya: Visnuswami Sridhara Swami's Commentary Lord Krishna being the universal self is being declared in this verse and the next three. He states He is Kratu or Vedic rituals such as agnistoma or fire offerings. He is also Yagna or offerings of propitiation prescribed in the Vedic scriptures known as Smritis or those books of Vedic injunctions and knowledge which has been remembered and recorded throughout history. He is sraddha or the oblations to the departed ancestors. He is the healing potency within medicinal herbs in the forests. He is the mantra or sacred Vedic invocations recited in exact meter of great potency uttered at the commencement of any Vedic ritual and during its performance. He is also the ghee or clarified butter extracted exclusively from the milk of cow which being offered into the fire validates the right and gives the means for a yagna to be performed. So He is verily the fire, the offering put into the fire and the yagna as well.

Brahma Vaisnava Sampradaya: Madhvacarya There is no commentary for this verse.

Sri Vaisnava Sampradaya: Ramanuja Ramanuja's Commentary So in this verse Lord Krishna describes some of His qualities concerning Vedic rituals. He is Kratu or Vedic rituals like Jyotishtoma which awards Swarga the heavenly planets He is Yagna or the act of daily propitiation enjoined in the Vedic scriptures He is Sraddha the food oblations offered to the departed ancestors and presiding deities He is ausadham the potency within the healing medicinal herb He is the mantra or the sacred verses chanted at the performance of all Vedic rituals He is ajam or the ghee which is clarified butter extracted exclusively from cows milk. He is the fire known as Ahavaniyas the sacrificial fire ignited from the consecrated fire. He is hutam denoting homan or the oblations offered into the fire and the ritual itself.

Kumara Vaisnava Sampradaya: Nimbaditya Kesava Kasmiri's Commentary Lord Krishna elaborates on the many aspects of His diversity in this verse and the next three. He states that He is Kratu or Vedic rituals, Yagna or Vedic offerings, Sraddha or Vedic oblations to the departed ancestors, asudham or the potency of the medicinal healing herb, the mantra or the sacred Sanskrit chant of invocation recited by duly bonafide Brahmins from one of the four authorised sampradayas or lines of disciplic succession. He is also aijam or ghee which is clarified butter exclusively from the cow which without no Vedic yagna can be authentically performed. He is the Ahavaniya fire which is ignited from the consecrated fire and He is the act of offering the oblations into the fire and the ritual itself.

Verse 16