Bhagavad-Gita: Chapter 10, Verse 2

Rudra Vaisnava Sampradaya:

Visnuswami

Sridhara Swami's Commentary

Incomprehensibility is being given as the reason for repeating what had already been stated previously. Neither the 330 million demigods who are Lord Krishna's servants responsible for universal management throughout the total material existence; nor the great sages such as Bhrigu knowledgeable about the His divine appearances and disappearances. This is because He alone is the sole cause of all gods and demigods and sages and everything else in all respects as their creator and as the indwelling monitor directing their intelligence. Therefore without Lord Krishna bestowing His grace it is not possible to know Him.

Brahma Vaisnava Sampradaya:

Madhvacarya

Madhvacarya's Commentary

The word prabhavam means supremely sublime divine appearance denoting the splendorous glory of Lord Krishna as the source of all creation and the origin of all beings. Therefore all principles spoken herein are the self- evident premises. If the demigods and all other gods existed previous to the Supreme Lord then they would have been aware of His manifestation or would have perceived Him through their comprehensive awareness. Hence it is self-evident that they were not existing previously. Lord Krishna states the words aham adih meaning He is the root origin of all. So it is self evident. How could other gods know of Him before when the entire material manifestation is subservient to Him? So it is only for the sake of remembrance that He again mentions that He is the origin of all. The Vedic scriptures state: Who verily knows the Supreme Lord and can state whence He became and where creation came from. The demigods and all other gods came subsequently after creation. So who can declare when creation came into existence.The Rig Veda X.CXXIX.VI declares: When His splendour is not even fathomable by the gods then how can mere mortals of limited knowledge know Him.

Now begins the summation.

The word sura-ganah is used to make reference to all other gods who are minor and lesser.

Sri Vaisnava Sampradaya:

Ramanuja

Ramanuja's Commentary

The myriad hosts of demigods totally 330 million in charge of universal management throughout all creation and even the great liberated sages who are highly illuminated and capable of super subtle perception knowing past, present and future are both not incognizant of the Supreme Lord Krishna's prabhavam which is His supreme, sublime divine appearance. This means that they are not aware of the transcendental nature of His rupa or form, His guna or attributes, His lilas or pastimes, and His dhama or abode. In every way Lord Krishna is the cause and the source of the essence, intelligence and power possessed by all gods, demigods and sages. Whatever intelligence and power they have is limited corresponding to the measure of entitlement warranted and which is awarded solely by the Supreme Lord according to their merits. This is what makes them have their position and makes them demigods and great sages. Their consciousness being limited it is impossible for them to fathom Lord Krishna divine, transcendental nature which is inconceivable to comprehend with the mind. Yet now such knowledge although inconceivable will be revealed by Lord Krishna which will remove the irascible impediments and obnoxious obstacles that detrimentally impede bhakti or loving devotion to the Supreme Lord from germinating and growing.

Kumara Vaisnava Sampradaya:

Nimbaditya

Kesava Kasmiri's Commentary

One may wonder how to remedy the fact that there are so many philosophers, theosophical thinkers, and erudite scholars who are unable to realise Lord Krishna's supreme, transcendental position as the cause, source and ultimate controller of all creation. To augment this view Lord Krishna referring to the demigods and the great liberated sages states the words na viduh which means that even they are unable to understand Him. Neither Indra the chief of the celestial demigods nor Bhrigu the crest jewel of sages are able to perceive beyond the parameters of their mind and senses and comprehend the divine reality of Lord Krishna's transcendental appearance in human form endowed with supreme indomitable never ending glory. Saccidananda or eternal existence, unlimited consciousness and endless bliss. Unlike the jivas or embodied beings inhabiting various bodies throughout creation who take birth due to their actions and whom the Supreme Lord bestows upon them knowledge and power according to their merits. As the jivas are His creation arising from Him although eternal as well they are severely limited possessing only finite knowledge. Hence it is impossible to know the reality of the Supreme Absolute Truth without being properly instructed in parampara or disciplic succession from one of the four sampradayas or spiritual channels authorised in Vedic scriptures.