Chapters: | | Chapter 11 | The Vision of the Universal Form | Verse 18 | | |
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Sanskrit:
Sanskrit Vocals
Transliteration:
Anvaya:
Translation:
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Rudra Vaisnava Sampradaya: Visnuswami |
Sridhara Swami's Commentary
Since the Supreme Lord Krishna's almighty power is beyond the material
conception it is correctly stated in Vedic scriptures that He the Ultimate
destination and what is to be known for seekers of moksa or liberation from
material existence. He alone is imperishable, the Supreme salvation for all
living entities, the Supreme refuge without a second for all creation.
Therefore Lord Krishna is eternal, immutable, the preserver, the protector
and the sustainer of sanatan dharma or the eternal spiritual principles of
righteousness for all times and He is absolutely without a doubt the
original Supreme Lord of all lords and created beings.
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| Brahma Vaisnava Sampradaya: Madhvacarya | There is no commentary for this verse.
| Sri Vaisnava Sampradaya: Ramanuja |
Ramanuja's Commentary
The Vedic scriptures known as the Upanisads declare also that Lord Krishna
is aksaram paramam the Supreme immutable ultimate reality and declared in
the Vedic scriptures as that which is essential to be known. The word
veditavyam means He is only to be know by the absolute authority of the
Vedas. The word avyayah means that which is imperishable and can never be
diminished for in whatever aspect or form or manifestation Lord Krishna
wills to be that will eternally be existing. The phrase sasvata-dharma-
gopta means the Supreme Lord Krishna is the eternal preserver of eternal
righteousness embodied in the Vedic scriptures. This is done by Himself and
by His authorised avatars o incarnations and expansions as revealed in
Vedic scriptures such as Narayana, Rama, Vishnu, Narasimhadeva, Buddha etc.
The words sanatanas tvam puruso means Lord Krishna is the eternal spirit
and primal consciousness of all creation as affirmed in the Taittriya
Upanisad III.XII beginning vedaham etam purusam meaning I perceive the
magnificent Purusa. Also in the Mundaka Upanisad I.I.IV beginning dve vidye
veditavye meaning: The Purusa is more sublime than the most sublime. All
this is as the ornament of the complete cosmic creation Lord Krishna
exhibited His visvarupa or divine universal form and is understood as such.
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| Kumara Vaisnava Sampradaya: Nimbaditya |
Kesava Kasmiri's Commentary
The Supreme Lord Krishna's magnificent is beyond the ability of the mind
and senses to fathom and comprehend. It is declared in the Brhadaranyaka
Upanisads III:VIII:X: O Gargi if one performs ceremonial rituals, worship
and propitiation and undergoes rigid austerities for thousands of lifetimes
without knowledge of Lord Krishna being the Supreme God of all gods; then
the results of all such activities is limited and minimal indeed. Verily
one who having lived their span of life in the material existence who
departs this world ignorant and oblivious to the reality that the Supreme
Lord Krishna is the ultimate cause of their very existence as well as the
source of the complete cosmic creation is considered to be pitiful and
their condition is lamentable. But one who departs this world at the end of
their life knowing the absolute paramount position of the Supreme Lord
Krishna is exalted. The Supreme Lord Krishna the origin and source of all
things animate and inanimate is most worthy to be known to those who value
their own best interests. He is eternal, immutable, the spiritual
substratum pervading all existence, the support, the preserver and the
refuge for all creation. There is no change or diminution in His form,
qualities, attributes and potencies. Lord Krishna and His avatars or
incarnations and expansions authorised in Vedic scriptures are the eternal
protector of the Vedas and the principles of righteousness delineated very
precisely and concisely in the Vedic scriptures as they all are verily
righteousness personified. The Primal Supreme Being the ancient of all.
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| Thus ends commentaries of chapter 11, verse 18 of the Srimad Bhagavad-Gita.
Verse 18
Copyright © Bhagavad-Gita Trust 1998-2005
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