Bhagavad-Gita: Chapter 11, Verse 24

Rudra Vaisnava Sampradaya:

Visnuswami

Sridhara Swami's Commentary

Seeing Lord Krishna's visvarupa or divine universal form pervading all visible directions in blazing and fierce splendour with gaping mouths emitting fire and large fiery eyes Arjuna confesses that he has completely lost his equilibrium and it is not possible for him to regain his composure in the presence of the visvarupa.

Brahma Vaisnava Sampradaya:

Madhvacarya
There is no commentary for this verse.

Sri Vaisnava Sampradaya:

Ramanuja

Ramanuja's Commentary

Lord Krishna is addressed as Vishnu or He which is all pervading. The words nabhah means the firmament above and is in reference to the parama-vyoma which is the supreme region beyond even the heavenly planets and celestial spheres which are still subject to prakriti or the material substratum pervading physical existence consisting of the three gunas or modes of material nature being passion, goodness and ignorance. Several examples are given in the Vedic scriptures such as tad akshate parame vyoman meaning high above in the imperishable firmament, aditya-varnam tamasah parastat meaning the golden firmament beyond all ignorance, kshyantam asya rajasa parake meaning the refuge beyond the mode of passion, yo asy-alhyaksha parame vyoman meaning He which controls all in the sublime firmament. To use the two words nabhah-sprsam means pervading the firmament and denotes that Lord Krishna's visvarupa or divine universal form is infinite and the shelter of all the modifications found in prakriti or the material substratum pervading all physical existence. The words pravyathita-antah- atma means extremely agitated mind and substantiates why Arjuna is unable to be dhritim composed and feel saman or peaceful. This was due to witnessing the terrifying awful apparition aspect of the visvarupa which made his mind recoil, his limbs quiver uncontrolled and all his senses aghast.

Kumara Vaisnava Sampradaya:

Nimbaditya

Kesava Kasmiri's Commentary

Arjuna is confessing to Lord Krishna that he is totally distraught and his equilibrium is completely unbalanced by the sight of the visvarupa or divine universal form which is nabah-sprsam meaning pervading the entire firmament. Seeing such a form radiant and scorching in many colors with flaming eyes and open mouths with horrible teeth a feeling of uncontrollable fright overcame him. The word nabah meaning firmament denotes the highest heaven beyond the material nature. The Maha Narayana Upanisad I.II beginning tad akshare parame vyoma states: The Supreme controller of all resides in the highest imperishable heaven. Because it is the spiritual abode of the Supreme Lord whose power is primordial, eternal and absolute it is transcendental to prakriti the material substratum pervading physical existence and not subject to the modifications of the material creation.